黄河南徙期间淮河流域水灾研究与制图^*   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王均 《地理研究》1995,14(3):52-58

本文以历史洪涝潮灾史料为依据,分析了在黄河南徙入淮期间淮河流域的洪涝潮灾情况,着重阐述了明清时期人类治河及漕运活动对淮河流域水灾的多方面作用。对历史自然灾害研究提出了自己的认识,并根据史料描述和统计结果做出多种类型的历史水灾地图。  相似文献   

Hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of Wadi el Mujib catchment area,Jordan     

A. El-Naqa 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(3):257-271

Hydrological and hydrogeological data in the area have been verified to evaluate the availability and the potentiality of the water resources for the proposed damsites in the Wadi el Mujib catchment area, which is considered a semiarid to arid region. The quantity of the surface waters is very small compared with the surface area of the basin, however, due to the shortage of precipitation in the country and the necessity to attain socioeconomic objectives, the investigation of these waters has become more vital. The most reliable exploitation can be essentially achieved by constructing small storage dams on the suitable sites in order to benefit from the flood waters coming from the main wadis. For the above purpose, the hydrogeological and hydrological study of Wadi el Mujib catchment area was carried out, where the Wadi Mujib dam site will be constructed. The hydrogeological investigation of the groundwater was performed by constructing a groundwater contour map of the Amman-Wadi Es Sir aquifer (B2/A7) so as to verify the groundwater flow system and to determine the potentiality of the aquifer from the hydraulic parameters obtained from the pumping test analysis. The hydrological feasibility study of the dam was carried out by evaluating the water balance for a long-term period (1970 to 1990) in order to obtain reliable data that can be used to estimate the recharge to B2/A7 aquifer. In addition, a frequency analysis was performed to estimate the flood design of the reservoir area as well as the spillway at the proposed dam site.  相似文献   

淮河中下游洪涝综合治理的思考与初探   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

钟平安  唐洪武 《水科学进展》1990,31(5):746-753

新中国70年治淮事业取得了巨大成就，淮河中下游干流与洪泽湖已成为淮河进一步治理的重点区域。从流域战略地位提升、经济社会发展、自然环境演变、水问题变化等多视角系统梳理了新时期治淮主要矛盾；从水沙基本规律辨析、靶向问题揭示、河湖格局重构、综合治理措施等多方面提出淮河中下游综合治理的战略思考和建议；从降雨和干支流洪水演变规律、淮河干流和洪泽湖泥沙特征及其变化规律、现状和规划工程防洪效果与协调性、工程措施组合方案建议等4个方面介绍了淮河干流河道与洪泽湖演变及治理需进一步开展研究的内容和技术方法以及初步研究成果，以期为新时期淮河治理规划设计提供参考。  相似文献   

1717-2011年高宝诸湖的演变过程及其原因分析     

杨霄  韩昭庆 《地理学报》2018,73(1):129-137

高宝诸湖位于江苏省中部,紧邻大运河西岸,是淮河重要的入江水道。近300年来受到黄淮关系演变和人类垦殖活动的影响,高宝诸湖的形态发生了较大变化。在对古今地图中高宝诸湖的形态进行数字化和空间比较的基础上,结合对历史文献和部分钻孔资料的综合分析,将高宝诸湖的演变分为三个阶段：① 清康熙至乾隆年间为近300年来水域面积最大的时期,1717年水域面积为1606.02 km²;② 清中期以后受淮河通过高家堰不定期排泄泥沙的影响,湖中沙洲开始发育;③ 1851年开始,淮河改道经由洪泽湖东南的三河闸,通过高宝诸湖进入长江,其携带的部分泥沙在高宝诸湖沉淀下来,形成三河三角洲,随着三河三角洲在在高宝诸湖内的不断淤涨,湖面萎缩速度加快,1868年湖面缩小到1494.03 km²,1916年为1071.97 km²,2011年为886.90 km²。洪泽湖泥沙是导致近300年来高宝诸湖不断萎缩的主要原因,此外,圩田的兴建进一步加剧了这一过程。  相似文献   

The influence of climate change and human activities on runoff in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River Basin,China     

Chao Gao  Tian Ruan 《地理学报(英文版)》2018,28(1):79-92

This study presents a soil and water integrated model (SWIM) and associated statistical analyses for the Huaihe River Basin (HRB) based on daily meteorological, river runoff, and water resource data encompassing the period between 1959 and 2015. The aim of this research is to quantitatively analyze the rate of contribution of upstream runoff to that of the midstream as well as the influence of climate change and human activities in this section of the river. Our goal is to explain why extreme precipitation is concentrated in the upper reaches of the HRB while floods tend to occur frequently in the middle reaches of this river basin. Results show that the rate of contribution of precipitation to runoff in the upper reaches of the HRB is significantly higher than temperature. Data show that the maximum contribution rate of upstream runoff to that of the midstream can be as high as 2.23%, while the contribution of temperature is just 0.38%. In contrast, the rate of contribution of human activities to runoff is 87.20% in the middle reaches of the HRB, while that due to climate change is 12.80%. Frequent flood disasters therefore occur in the middle reaches of the HRB because of the combined effects of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches and human activities in the middle sections.  相似文献   

IAP AGCM 4.1对淮河流域夏季降水的预报技巧评估     

陈子煊  林朝晖  江志红  俞越 《气象科学》2018,38(4):489-497

基于中国科学院大气物理研究所新一代大气环流模式IAP AGCM 4.1共30 a(1981—2010年)的集合回报试验结果,评估了模式对淮河流域夏季降水的预报技巧。分析结果表明,模式总体上可以较好地再现出淮河流域夏季平均降水南多北少的空间分布特征,其中模式模拟的6月降水量与观测值的空间相关可达0.93。但降水强度与观测相比具有系统性的偏差,且模式模拟的降水年际变率显著偏弱。基于降水距平相关系数的确定性预报技巧分析表明,模式对流域西南部夏季降水的预测技巧较高,达到0.2以上,且模式对6月降水异常的预测能力相对最好,7月次之。针对淮河不同子流域的预报技巧分析表明,IAP AGCM 4. 1对蚌埠、鲁台子、王家坝水文控制站以上集水面积的夏季面雨量异常具有一定的预报技巧,30 a集合回报的时间相关系数分别为0. 11、0. 13、0. 16。基于降水等级的概率预报技巧评估表明,模式对7月淮河流域南部少雨事件具有很好的预报能力,同时对6月流域中部多雨事件的预报技巧也较高。  相似文献   

1960~2014年淮河流域极端气温和降水时空变化特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

王怀军  潘莹萍  陈忠升 《地理科学》2017,37(12):1900-1908

基于淮河流域33个气象站点1960~2014年逐日气温和降水数据,利用Mann-Kendall检验和克里金插值法分析了极端气温、降水指数的时空变化规律。结果表明：① 近55 a来,冷极值呈显著下降趋势,暖极值表现为波动上升趋势;日较差（DTR）呈显著下降趋势,这与最低气温的增加幅度比最高气温大有关;② 总降水量（PRCPTOT）和强降水日数（R10,R20）表现为缓慢下降趋势,1 d最大降水量（RX1day）、连续5 d最大降水（RX5day）以及降水强度（SDII）呈缓慢上升趋势,但变化趋势均不显著;③ 空间变化上来看,霜冻日数（FD0）、冷夜日数（TN10p）、热夜日数（TR20）和暖夜日数（TN90p）在流域大部分地区变化趋势显著,而降水极值在全流域未表现出一致上升或下降趋势,且变化趋势在全流域均不显著;④ 基于流域当前气象站点数据,极端气温、降水指数变化趋势未表现出高程相依性;⑤ 流域大部分极端气温、降水指数变化趋势介于中国南北方流域之间,表现出一定的南北过渡带特色。  相似文献   

Changes in arable land in response to township urbanization in a Chinese low hilly region: Scale effects and spatial interactions     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2017

Rapid urbanization leads to losses in arable land; quantitatively analyzing the impact of urbanization on arable land is significant for arable land management. However, changes in arable land due to urbanization with scale and neighborhood effects remains poorly understood at the town scale. In this study, high-resolution historical land use data, landscape metric analysis and spatial regression were integrated to quantify the impacts of urbanization on arable land use change (abandonment and conversion) at spatial scales of 300 m–3300 m using a block size increment of 200 m and at the catchment scale in the town of Jinjing in subtropical central China. Arable land abandonment was the predominant type of arable land change and presented strong spatial autocorrelations at each spatial scale. Arable land was converted to tea fields because agricultural structure transformations were occurring around the urban cores, and the amount of arable land converted to residential land accounted for only a small proportion of the total arable land loss and had no spatial autocorrelation. The significance and robustness of the arable land changes impacted by urbanization had obvious scale effects and strong neighborhood effects in nearby regions. Compared with block scales, the catchment scale is an optimal scale for assessing the influence of urbanization and applying planning policy. Our results highlight the significance of incorporating spatial interactions in urbanization research, which can generate less biased estimations and consequently lead to proper policy implication and recommendations. In addition, multi-scale comparisons are helpful for better understanding the relationships between arable land changes and urbanization and provide further insights into the harmonious development of rural settlements and urban cores to preserve arable land.  相似文献   

占补湿地的系统性放大系数比较与匹配     

田富强  闫荣国 《湿地科学与管理》2017,(2):50-53

不同流域占用或新建湿地的系统性生态放大系数并不一定相同,同一流域不同地域的占用或新建湿地的系统性生态放大系数也不一定相同。要使新建湿地的生态量系统性放大系数与占用湿地匹配,需要寻找与占用湿地生态量(功能或效益)系统性放大系数匹配的新建湿地的流域与地域,如果不能成功匹配,需再寻找与确定的新建湿地生态量系统性放大系数匹配的占用湿地流域与地域;如果仍然不能成功匹配,最后寻找与可能的新建湿地生态量系统性放大系数匹配的占用湿地流域与地域。  相似文献   

季节内振荡影响西太平洋副热带高压两次北跳的机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

苏同华  薛峰  陈敏艳  董啸 《大气科学》2017,41(3):437-460

夏季期间,西太平洋副热带高压（简称副高）存在两次明显的北跳,其中第一次北跳导致华南前汛期结束、江淮梅雨建立,而第二次北跳则意味着江淮梅雨结束、华北雨季开始。本文基于观测资料和再分析数据,利用快速傅里叶变换和合成分析方法,深入探讨不同时间尺度季节内振荡对气候态和异常年副高两次北跳的影响机制。结果表明:在季节内尺度上,平常年和异常年影响副高两次北跳的季节内振荡的主导周期不同。气候态上,以10~20天和准60天为主;第一次北跳异常年和第二次北跳偏早年,以30~60天为主;第二次北跳偏晚年,则呈现出10~20天和30~60天两个主导周期。不论气候态还是异常年,东亚—热带西北太平洋地区低频振荡在年循环背景下均呈现出明显的北传特征,这是导致副高发生两次北跳的重要原因之一。而印度季风区低频振荡在东北向传播过程中所引起的西风东伸是造成副高第一次北跳更为明显的原因。源自澳大利亚高压的冷空气入侵所激发的暖池对流的准双周振荡则是造成气候态和偏晚年副高第二次北跳更为显著的原因。由于前期春季西北印度洋海温出现异常,造成局地低频振荡发生位相迁移,进而导致副高第一次北跳发生异常。而副高第二次北跳异常则是因为ENSO改变了暖池地区季节内振荡的尺度和振幅所造成的。  相似文献